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b0a4fa4a12
Many thanks to Joshua Kinard, Siva Mahadevan, Yasuhiro Kimura, Andrew Walker, and Peter Eriksson for their patches. PR: 270383
175 lines
7.4 KiB
Groff
175 lines
7.4 KiB
Groff
'\" t
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.\" Title: smbpasswd
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.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR" section]
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: 08/09/2022
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.\" Manual: File Formats and Conventions
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.\" Source: Samba 4.16.4
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.\" Language: English
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.\"
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.TH "SMBPASSWD" "5" "08/09/2022" "Samba 4\&.16\&.4" "File Formats and Conventions"
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * Define some portability stuff
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
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.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
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.el .ds Aq '
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * set default formatting
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" disable hyphenation
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.nh
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.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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.ad l
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.SH "NAME"
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smbpasswd \- The Samba encrypted password file
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.PP
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smbpasswd
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.PP
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This tool is part of the
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\fBsamba\fR(7)
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suite\&.
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.PP
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smbpasswd is the Samba encrypted password file\&. It contains the username, Unix user id and the SMB hashed passwords of the user, as well as account flag information and the time the password was last changed\&. This file format has been evolving with Samba and has had several different formats in the past\&.
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.SH "FILE FORMAT"
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.PP
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The format of the smbpasswd file used by Samba 2\&.2 is very similar to the familiar Unix
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passwd(5)
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file\&. It is an ASCII file containing one line for each user\&. Each field within each line is separated from the next by a colon\&. Any entry beginning with \*(Aq#\*(Aq is ignored\&. The smbpasswd file contains the following information for each user:
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.PP
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name
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.RS 4
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This is the user name\&. It must be a name that already exists in the standard UNIX passwd file\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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uid
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.RS 4
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This is the UNIX uid\&. It must match the uid field for the same user entry in the standard UNIX passwd file\&. If this does not match then Samba will refuse to recognize this smbpasswd file entry as being valid for a user\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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Lanman Password Hash
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.RS 4
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This is the LANMAN hash of the user\*(Aqs password, encoded as 32 hex digits\&. The LANMAN hash is created by DES encrypting a well known string with the user\*(Aqs password as the DES key\&. This is the same password used by Windows 95/98 machines\&. Note that this password hash is regarded as weak as it is vulnerable to dictionary attacks and if two users choose the same password this entry will be identical (i\&.e\&. the password is not "salted" as the UNIX password is)\&. If the user has a null password this field will contain the characters "NO PASSWORD" as the start of the hex string\&. If the hex string is equal to 32 \*(AqX\*(Aq characters then the user\*(Aqs account is marked as
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\fBdisabled\fR
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and the user will not be able to log onto the Samba server\&.
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.sp
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\fIWARNING !!\fR
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Note that, due to the challenge\-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will be able to impersonate the user on the network\&. For this reason these hashes are known as
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\fIplain text equivalents\fR
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and must
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\fINOT\fR
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be made available to anyone but the root user\&. To protect these passwords the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with read and traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no other access\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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NT Password Hash
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.RS 4
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This is the Windows NT hash of the user\*(Aqs password, encoded as 32 hex digits\&. The Windows NT hash is created by taking the user\*(Aqs password as represented in 16\-bit, little\-endian UNICODE and then applying the MD4 (internet rfc1321) hashing algorithm to it\&.
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.sp
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This password hash is considered more secure than the LANMAN Password Hash as it preserves the case of the password and uses a much higher quality hashing algorithm\&. However, it is still the case that if two users choose the same password this entry will be identical (i\&.e\&. the password is not "salted" as the UNIX password is)\&.
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.sp
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\fIWARNING !!\fR\&. Note that, due to the challenge\-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will be able to impersonate the user on the network\&. For this reason these hashes are known as
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\fIplain text equivalents\fR
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and must
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\fINOT\fR
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be made available to anyone but the root user\&. To protect these passwords the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with read and traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no other access\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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Account Flags
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.RS 4
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This section contains flags that describe the attributes of the users account\&. This field is bracketed by \*(Aq[\*(Aq and \*(Aq]\*(Aq characters and is always 13 characters in length (including the \*(Aq[\*(Aq and \*(Aq]\*(Aq characters)\&. The contents of this field may be any of the following characters:
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.RS
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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\fIU\fR
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\- This means this is a "User" account, i\&.e\&. an ordinary user\&.
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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\fIN\fR
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\- This means the account has no password (the passwords in the fields LANMAN Password Hash and NT Password Hash are ignored)\&. Note that this will only allow users to log on with no password if the
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\fI null passwords\fR
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parameter is set in the
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\fBsmb.conf\fR(5)
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config file\&.
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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\fID\fR
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\- This means the account is disabled and no SMB/CIFS logins will be allowed for this user\&.
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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\fIX\fR
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\- This means the password does not expire\&.
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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\fIW\fR
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\- This means this account is a "Workstation Trust" account\&. This kind of account is used in the Samba PDC code stream to allow Windows NT Workstations and Servers to join a Domain hosted by a Samba PDC\&.
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.RE
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.sp
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.RE
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Other flags may be added as the code is extended in future\&. The rest of this field space is filled in with spaces\&. For further information regarding the flags that are supported please refer to the man page for the
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pdbedit
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command\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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Last Change Time
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.RS 4
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This field consists of the time the account was last modified\&. It consists of the characters \*(AqLCT\-\*(Aq (standing for "Last Change Time") followed by a numeric encoding of the UNIX time in seconds since the epoch (1970) that the last change was made\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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All other colon separated fields are ignored at this time\&.
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.SH "VERSION"
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.PP
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This man page is part of version 4\&.16\&.4 of the Samba suite\&.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.PP
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\fBsmbpasswd\fR(8),
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\fBSamba\fR(7), and the Internet RFC1321 for details on the MD4 algorithm\&.
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.SH "AUTHOR"
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.PP
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The original Samba software and related utilities were created by Andrew Tridgell\&. Samba is now developed by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar to the way the Linux kernel is developed\&.
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